Charles Darwin's first sketch of the tree of life in Notebook B, 1837, under his note 'I think'. Source: Charles Darwin, Public domain
Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859. Since then biology has rested on three words: mutation, selection, inheritance. Random changes in DNA. The environment “picks” whoever fits best. The fit pass their genes to offspring. Repeat. A billion years.
The scheme works. Nobody argues. The giraffe has a long neck — to reach the leaves. The butterfly mimics tree bark — to hide from birds. It all makes sense, it’s all verified, it’s all in the textbook.
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